12강 1. 대명사
- 명사를 대신 받는 명사
주격 목적격 소유격 소유대명사 (은는 을를 ~의 것)
- I my me mine
- You your you yours
- He his him his
- She her her hers
- It its it -
- They their them theirs
- We our us ours
ex
You and I : 너는 그리고 나는
You and me : 너를 그리고 나를
Between you and me : 사이 너를 그리고 나를 (전치사의 목적어)
ㄴ 전치사 between의 목적어이기 때문에 목적격만 됨
전치사와 목적격
- 전치사 뒤면 목적격만 사용이 됨
about along among around at before behind above below beneath
beside between beyond by despite across down during for from
in into like near of off on out over since through throughout
after till to towards under until up upon with within without against
ex
She ate dinner with me
She ate dinner with her husband and me
I had dinner with her last night
her's husbnad and i had dinner with her last night
please take this food and give it to the dog
her husband drove her and me to the store. He didn't come in. He waited for us in the car. we hurried
Between you and me, i think jack made a bad decision to quit his job. he and i see things differently
Excuse me, is this my dictonary or yours?
This one is mine. yours is on your desk
재귀대명사
- 대명사 주격 , 재귀대명사
i myself / you yourself / he himself / she herself / it itself
they themselves / we ourselves
- 재귀대명사 유용 표현들
believe in oneself : 스스로를 믿어라
blame oneself : 자책하다
cut oneself : 손/발 등을 베이다
ㄴ i cut myself with paper 종이에 손을 베이다
feel sorry for oneself : 한탄하다
ㄴ she feels sorry for myself : 그녀는 스스로가 한탄스럽다
help oneself : 알아서 먹어라
hurt oneself : 자해하다
introduce oneself : 자기소개하다
kill oneself : 자살하다
be proud of oneself : 자존감을 갖다
take care of oneself : 스스로를 돌봐라
talk to oneself : 혼잣말하다
teach oneself : 독학하다
work for oneself : 자영업하다
ex
The accident was my fault, i caused it. so i blamed myself for the accident
Be careful with that sharp knife. you will cut yourself, if you are not careful.
when i walked into the room, i heard her's voice. i looked around, but the only person i saw and heard was her.
she was talking oneself when i walked into the room
my wife and i have our own business. we don't have a boss. in other words, we work for ourselves
She wons her own business. no one taught her how to be a business manager. in other words, she works for herself everything she needed to know about runnung a business.
13강. 형용사
- 명사를 꾸밈
- ing형용사(능동분사, 는), pp형용사(수동분사& ~된), 일반 형용사(는)
- ing형태의 3가지이므로 구분이 필요함
- be ing (진행형) : ~중인
- ing = 현재분사 : ~는(능동분사), 명사를 수식
- 동명사 : ~하는 것 + 단수 동사, 명사 자체
ex
Study eng is fun : 동명사, 영어를 공부하는 것 은 재밌다
he is buying some food : 현재진행형, 그는 사는 중이다 몇 음식을
i saw a car broekn on the street : 분사, 나는 부서진 차를 길에서 보았다
ex
You are bore me (현재형) : 너가 지루하다 나한테
=> I am boared(당해짐) : 나는 지루해진 사람
=> you are boring me (진행중) : 너는 지루하게 하는 중이다 나를
=> You are boring : 너는 지루한 사람이다
ex
This place is boring : 이 장소는 지루하게 하는 중이다
They were exhausted from driving all afternoon : 그들은 지쳤다 오후 내내의 운전으로부터
I was very disappointed : 나는 낙담당했다
It was very disappointing : 이거는 낙담하게 하는 중이다
I was excited about going overseas : 나는 흥미로웠다 해외로 가는 것에
I am frustrated with my lack of options : 나는 좌절당한다, 내 선택지의 결핍에
I am scared to sleep in the dark : 나는 무서워해진다 어두운 곳에서 자는 것에
형용사 아닌데 형용사처럼 쓰는 to V
- ~할, 명사 뒤에 사용
복합 명사
- 규칙 : 앞에 단수형 명사가 뒤 단/복수 명사를 수식
This shop sells shoes => it is a shoe store (앞 a는 store용 부정 관사 = 청자가 아는지 확실하지 몰라서 부정관사씀)
ex
This book is about grammar => it's a grammar book
The program is on television => it's a television program
The soup has beans. => it's a bean soup
We made plans for our vacation. => We made vacation plans
I read a lot of articles in newspapers. => it's an article newspaper
The villages are in the mountains => They are mountain villages
phrase용 문법
사 : 단어 하나
구 : 2개 이상 명사, 형용사역할/명사역할/부사역할
he wore very expensive shirts
절 : 2개 이상 명사 + 동사
they believed that it was fair
문 : 완벽한 문장
14강1. 형용사절 (주격)
- 꾸미려는 애 바로 뒤
- 형용사절에서 주어역할 하는 애
1. ~다로 끝나는 기본 문장 찾아 기본으로 정한다
2. 부가 문장에 대한 내용을 적으면서 중복 단어 생김새 따라 주격 관계대명사를 꾸며주려는 단어 바로 뒤 넣는다
(그 단어를 퉁쳐서 that, 사람이면 WHO로, 그 외면 which 기재)
3. 두 문장을 잇는다
ex
i know a teacher, she teaches Eng very well(형용사)
=> I knnow a teacher who teaches very Eng well(형용사절)
I got on the bus. the bus goes downtown.
* up/downstair , downtown은 go뒤 to를 사용안함
=> I got the bus that goes downtown.
She is pretty. and she teaches Eng very well
=> She who teaches Eng very well is pretty
The man sat next to me. he talked a lot
=> The man who sat next to me talked a lot
there is He. He must not be named.
=> he who must not be named(V) is there : 이름이 불려서는 안되는 그가 저기있다
Do you know the people? They live in the white house
=> Do you know the people who live in the white house.
The waiter was friendly. He served us dinner
=> The waiter who served us dinner was friendly
The people have three cars. They live next to me
=> The people who live next to me have three cars.
The man talked a lot. He sat next to me
=> The man who sat next to me talked a lot
I talked to the women. They walked into my office
=> I talked to the women who walked into my office.
The childern are always polite. they live donw the street in the yellow house
=> The childern who live down the stree in the yellow house are always polite
I saw the people. They were playing football at the park.
=> I saw the people who were playing football at the park
People may suffer gradual hearing loss. They listen to very loud music
=> People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss
The calendar has pictures of wildlife. it hangs in her office
=> The calendar which hangs in her office has pictures of wildlife
The man lives next to my home. He is so kind
=> The man who is so kind lives next to my home
The pill made me sleepy. i took it
=> The pill which i took made me sleepy
I know a man. He doesn't have to work for a living
=> I know a man who doesn't have to work for a living
The teacher is so kind. she looks alike Chinese.
=> The teacher who looks alike Chinese is so kind .
14강2. 형용사절(목적격)
- 꾸미려는 애 바로 뒤
- 형용사절에서 목적어 자리에 있는 애
1. ~다로 끝나는 기본 문장 찾아 기본으로 정한다
2. 부가 문장에 대한 내용을 적으면서 중복 단어 생김새 따라 목적격 관계대명사로 치환한다
(사람일 때 whom이면서 whom을 대체하는 단어 = that, who, 생략)(사람이 아니면 that,which)
3. ~whom~이면 목적격 관계대명사를 부가 문장 맨 앞으로 보낸다
3. 두 문장을 잇는다
ex
I like the man a lot. The man is handsome a lot
=> I like the man (whom) i like a lot is handsome.
ex
Do you know the people? They live in the white house
=> Do you know the people (whom) live in the white house?
She speaks good Eng. i have benn teaching her for a year
=> She (whom) i have been teaching for a year speaks good Eng
There is the professor. I'm taking her course
=> There is the professor whom i'm taking the course
My student asked me a question. I couldn't answer it.
=> My student asked me a question (which) i couldn't answer
This is a book. i cherish the most it
=> This is a book (whom) i cherish the most
This is something. i don't agree with and find unacceptable it
=> This is something (that) i don't agree with and find unacceptable
Washing windows is the last thing. I don't want to do that
=> Washing windows is the last thing (which) i don't want to do that.
Nicole showed me the massive pants. John gave it to her
=> Nicole showed me the massive pants (whom) John gave her
All of the people can come. I asked them to my party
=> All of the people (whom) i asked to my party can come
She wants to learn study. She works with me
=> She (whom) i works with wants to learn study
The soup was salty. I had it for lunch
=> The soup (which) i had for lunch was salty
14강2. 형용사절(소유격)
- 꾸미려는 애 바로 뒤
1. ~다로 끝나는 기본 문장 찾아 기본으로 정한다
2. 부가 문장에 대한 내용을 적으면서 중복 단어 생김새 따라 소유격 관계대명사로 치환한다 (사람일 때 whose)
3. 소유격으로 만들어서 꾸미려는 단어 뒤에 붙인다
4. 두 문장을 잇는다
ex
i met a friend. her bf is 21 years old
=> i met a friend whose bf is 21 years old
The man called the police. His car was stolen
=> The man called the police whose car was stolen
I know a girl. Her brother is a movie star
=> I know a girl whose brother is a movie star
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