[영어][불량영어] 10강 1편 2편. 5가지 부사절(특히 가정 부사절) & 분사 구문 (+ 관계 부사절 where)

- 부사 : 없어도 되는데 사용해서 동사를 꾸미는데 쓰는 단어 , 아무자리나 insert

- 접속사 : if, before, after, when, that

 

9강4. 부사절

- 부사절 : 절(=주어+동사)를 써서 동사를 꾸며줌 , 아무자리나 insert, 주절과 주어가 똑같더라도 따로 작업이 없으면 주어 생략 불가능함

 

- 주어가 같으면  따로 작업이 없으면 주어 생략 하는법 = 분사구문 만들기

(1) 주절과 부사절의 주어가 같으면 부사절 주어 제거 + 부사절, 주어 관계가 능동이면 부사절 동사를 ing로 바꿔서 생략함 

EX

Are you going to get a job after graduating?

You must pay your tuition before attending classes

make yourself at home while waiting

 

(2) 주절과 부사절의 주어가 같으면 부사절 주어 제거 + 부사절, 주어 관계가 수동이면 부사절 동사를 p.p만 남기고 생략

EX

invited to his birthday, i didn't go 

 

 

10강 1~2.5가지 부사절

1. 시간 부사절 : when / before  /  after  /  as soon as  /  while / since 

ex

Are you going to get a job after you graduate

You must pay your tuition before you attend classes

It has been six months since he joined the army

Make yourself at home(= 집처럼 편하게 있으렴) while you wait => 명령문이므로 주어가 생략됨

Before i left for work, i ate breakfast

While i was walking to class, i ran into an old friends
While i was sitting in class, i fell alseep
After Peter fininshed his homework, he went to bed
Because Leesun needed some money to buy a book, she borrowed money form Yoon

 

 

2. 이유 부사절(~때문에) : because & since & as

ex

I am angry because you always take his side

Since i have no work to do today, i will help you move to the new place

As you were not at the office, i left you a message

Since Yoon came to Hong kong, she has made many friends

 

3. 양보 부사절(~하지만, ~에도 불구하고)(다른 이를 위해 양보한 느낌) : Although , Even

ex

Although I was invited to his birthday party, i didn't go

Even though Yoon is the boss(상사), we are also good friends

 

4. 조건 부사절 : 당장 앞에 닥친 상황에 대한 가정, 미래에 대한 가능성이 있는 가정

조건 부사절 현재형 + 주절 미래형 will

ex

it it rains tomorrow, i will stay home  (당장 비올 수도 있음)

if you get a good grade, i will buy you a computer  (당장 훌륭한 점수를 맞을 자질이 있음)

if he comes late again, i will not stay in touch with him anymore (당장 늦을 자질이 있음)

 

5. 가정 부사절 : 이미 있는 것과 반대의 상황, 당장 이뤄질 수 없는 현상황 => 부사절 동사 과거형, 해석은 지금~라면

조건 부사절 과거형(be동사는 주어 무관 were) + 주절 조동사 현재형 대신 would, could, might(~였을텐데) + 동사원형

could = 능력, 가능성

might : 추측

ex

If my son got a good score, i would be happy (당장 점수 못받음)

if i were you, i wouldn't get into a relationship with him (당장 당신이 아님) (was 말고 were)

if i had some money, i could buy a computer (당장 돈 없음)

if the weather were nicer, we might eat outside on the terrace (당장 날씨 안좋음)(was말고 were) 밖에서 먹었을텐데

if i knew his numbe, i could call him (당장 번호 없음)

if i were you, i wouldn't buy that coat (당장 너가 아님)

if i were hungry, i could eat everything on the table (당장 배고프지 않음)(was 말고 were)

if it weren't so cold, i could go out (당장 날씨 좋지 않음)(was 말고 were)

if i taught this class, i wouldn't give tests (당장 가르치치 않음)

 

 

10강3. wish 부사절

- wish에 해당하는 주절 or 부사절 하나만 적어서, 간단하게 쓸 수 있음

ex

if i were hungry, i could eat everything on the table

=> i wish i were hungry

=> i wish i could eat everything on the table

 

if i had time(now), i could meet you

=> i wish i had time(now)

=> i wish i could meet you

 

if i were you, i wouldn't date him

=> i wish i were you

=> i wish i wouldn't date him

 

If he came on time, it would be a miracle

=> i wish he came on time

=> 주어 동사가 달라서 생략불가

 

If i had money, i would buy a computer

=> i wish i had money

=> i wish i would buy a computer

 

 

10강3. 과거 부사절

- 조건절이 불가능하여 가정 부사절만 가능 = 과거가 되는 순간 당장 이뤄질 수 없는 현상황이 됨

- 가정 부사절은 현재를 과거시제로 표현하므로, 과거는 대과거(had p.p)로 표현함 (주절 조동사 또한 대과거 : 조동사 have p.p로 표현)  

could = 능력, 가능성

might : 추측(아마 였을지도)

should - 후회 (할 걸 그랬는데) + no 가정절 only 주절

ex

if you had told me about the problem, i would have helped you

if i had studied harder, i would have gone to seoul univ => might 사용도 가능함

= if i'd studied harder, i would've gone to seoul univ (i'd- 아이드, would've - 우드브)

if i had had time in the morning, i could have eaten breakfast today

=> 그러나 실제로 원어민은 had had를 안좋아해서 had 한 번만 사용함

 

if i had finished my work early, i would have gone to bed before midnight

if i had (had) money, i would have stopped by the super market on my way back home

if i he had been honest, i wouldn't have lost my trust

if i had voted in the election, i would not have voted for Donal Trump

 

i should have written the script for podcast last night

i shouldn't have eaten a pizza in the lunch time

 

cf

주절은 아니지만 부사절도 if를 제거하고 아래 구조로 사용 가능 (단, 해석적 가능시)

you should have told me, i could have bought for you

I should have stopped by the super market on my way back home

 

 

(+) 관계부사절 where

- 앞에 the place, situation, place, case, game 등 장소 의미 명사가 생략된 형태가 많음

- where은 해석하지 않음 (뜻 없음) 

ex

This is (the place) where i have lived for two years

The game where you compete to match with another team

This is (the place)  where i used to keep my computer

 

 

10강3. 혼합 가정

- 현재 당장과 그 과거의 당장이 혼합되는 경우

- 혼합 시점 가정 : 과거 당장 부사절(if had p.p) + 현재 당장 주절(would could might 동사원형)

ex

추가 문장

if  i had married , i would be england now

if i had eaten breakfast several hours ago, i wouldn't be hungry now

if i hadn't drank  too much last night, i wouldn't be tired now(감정이니까 ed)

if i had taken that job, i would be happy

if i had bought that stock, i could be rich